Aligning text with Tabular.vim

In this episode, I introduce the Tabular.vim plugin, by Matt Wozniski, which makes it easy to align regions of text that match a pattern.

Aligning assignments

Before:

one = 1
two = 2
three = 3
four = 4

Running :Tab /= produces:

one   = 1
two   = 2
three = 3
four  = 4

Colon assignments

There are a couple of different ways that colon assignments could be aligned. If we start with an example that is not aligned:

var video = {
    metadata: {
        title: "Aligning assignments"
        h264Src: "/media/alignment.mov",
        oggSrc: "/media/alignment.ogv"
        posterSrc: "/media/alignment.png"
        duration: 320,
    }
}

Select the inner block by positioning your cursor inside it and running vi} (enable Visual mode, and select inner Brace). Then you could run :Tab/: which would produce this result:

var video = {
    metadata: {
        title     : "Aligning assignments"
        h264Src   : "/media/alignment.mov",
        oggSrc    : "/media/alignment.ogv"
        posterSrc : "/media/alignment.png"
        duration  : 320,
    }
}

If you don’t like stacking the colons in a column, you could use the \zs atom to exclude the : character from the search match. Running :Tab /:\zs produces this result:

var video = {
    metadata: {
        title:      "Aligning assignments"
        h264Src:    "/media/alignment.mov",
        oggSrc:     "/media/alignment.ogv"
        posterSrc:  "/media/alignment.png"
        duration:   320,
    }
}

Be aware that if you work in a team, there may be a house style that you should follow.

Table markup

Here is a scenario outline for cucumber steps, including a pipe-delimited table of examples:

Scenario Outline: eating
  Given there are &lt;start&gt; cucumbers
  When I eat &lt;eat&gt; cucumbers
  Then I should have &lt;left&gt; cucumbers

  Examples:
    |start|eat|left|
    |12|5|7|
    |20|5|15|

With the cursor positioned anywhere in the table, running :Tab/| produces:

Scenario Outline: eating
  Given there are &lt;start&gt; cucumbers
  When I eat &lt;eat&gt; cucumbers
  Then I should have &lt;left&gt; cucumbers

  Examples:
    | start | eat | left |
    | 12    | 5   | 7    |
    | 20    | 5   | 15   |

Creating mappings

If you find yourself using a particular token for alignment often, then you might want to save yourself a few keystrokes by creating mappings for normal and visual modes. Here are a few suggestions to get you started:

    let mapleader=','
    if exists(":Tabularize")
      nmap <Leader>a= :Tabularize /=<CR>
      vmap <Leader>a= :Tabularize /=<CR>
      nmap <Leader>a: :Tabularize /:\zs<CR>
      vmap <Leader>a: :Tabularize /:\zs<CR>
    endif

If you were in normal or visual mode, you could type ,a= to align equals signs. In visual mode, the alignment would apply to the selected lines, but in normal mode tabular would attempt to guess the range.

You could take it a step further, by creating an insert mode mapping to trigger the :Tabular command when you type the character that you want to align. Tim Pope shows us how in this gist:

inoremap <silent> <Bar>   <Bar><Esc>:call <SID>align()<CR>a

function! s:align()
  let p = '^\s*|\s.*\s|\s*$'
  if exists(':Tabularize') && getline('.') =~# '^\s*|' && (getline(line('.')-1) =~# p || getline(line('.')+1) =~# p)
    let column = strlen(substitute(getline('.')[0:col('.')],'[^|]','','g'))
    let position = strlen(matchstr(getline('.')[0:col('.')],'.*|\s*\zs.*'))
    Tabularize/|/l1
    normal! 0
    call search(repeat('[^|]*|',column).'\s\{-\}'.repeat('.',position),'ce',line('.'))
  endif
endfunction

If you put this in your vimrc file, then it will call the :Tabularize command each time you insert a | character.

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